Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and restoring function in a severely damaged knee joint. Typically performed due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-injury degeneration, the surgery involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone and replacing them with artificial components made of metal and plastic. This procedure can be performed as a total knee replacement, involving the entire joint, or a partial knee replacement, targeting only the damaged section. Patients often experience significant pain relief and improved mobility, enhancing their overall quality of life post-surgery.